Teachers As Helping Professionals And Teacher Educators' Identities: Some Exploratory Data
Author(s):
Conference:
ECER 2012
Format:
Paper

Session Information

10 SES 07 B, Parallel Paper Session

Parallel Paper Session

Time:
2012-09-19
17:15-18:45
Room:
FCEE - Aula 2.2
Chair:
Pavel Zgaga

Contribution

Teaching can be seen as a helping profession insofar as it is an activity involving complex, multidimensional interaction processes in which professional knowledge is formed and used to foster the development of people and societies (Hugman, 2005). ‘Helping’ is taken here not only in the clinical sense assigned to it by Rogers (1976), but also in the psychosocial sense that sees intervention within certain professions as a work produced in human relationships (Hawkins and Shohet, 2006).

It can be argued that the ‘helping’ aspect is as an integral part of teaching professionalism and an essential factor in the teacher educator´s identities. Dubet (2002) says that teaching, alongside with health and social work, is ‘work about the “other”’, that is, work that explicitly aims to change the ‘other’. According to the same author (Dubet, 2002) teaching as an occupation was constituted by reference to a “modern institutional programme” – a social process within which values and principles were turned into action and subjectivity via specific and organised professional work. Teacher education was accomplished in an extremely complex social-historical process full of tensions and contradictions of a varied nature (cf. Nóvoa, 2009). It was the “institutional programme” that made possible in the past to coordinate and give meaning to the three levels of professional action of these professionals – the social control, the service and the relation (Dubet, 2002).

Currently, these professionals are confronted by contradictory exigencies (Derouet, 2010). The context of ‘school crisis’ (within the crisis of modern institutions in the late modernity) is taking teaching profession to face challenges that are forcing community to rethink initial training conditions. Looking for new institutional and individual identities, pre service teacher education has changed profoundly in recent decades, in terms of the academic degrees it confers, the curriculum, the training context and its relations with working contexts (cf. Lopes and Pereira, 2012; Korthagen, 2004).

According to Dubar (2002), the process of constructing professional identities is characterised by a dual biographical and relational transaction. As a secondary socialisation process, pre service teacher education is responsible for creating the conditions to access the specialised field of education knowledge and teacher educators are nuclear in this process.

This is why it is important to find out and to understand the situated identities of teachers educators, that is, the organisation of various personal and social identities of an individual in a certain context, such as the pre service teacher education one (Hewitt, 1991).

This paper presents exploratory data about teacher educators’ identities, collected as part of a larger research project on initial education of helping professionals (teachers and nurses) and the educators’ identities. This project aims at: acquiring knowledge about teacher educators’ identities as situated identities; building knowledge about teaching as a helping profession; making proposal of training modalities and organisation. The aim of this exploratory study is to identify relevant aspect about teacher educators in their training context in order to inform further deeper data collection.

Method

Exploratory data are the outcome of two focus groups, one held with students and the other with teacher educators’ from a higher school of pre-service teacher education. Focus groups sessions were organized into two parts: in the first participants were asked to talk about the best and worst features of the course and to express their feelings about the relationships between teacher educators and teacher students. In the second part a technique called “The wall” (Korthagen, 2001) was used. This technique aims formulating the relationships between different educational values, which are often implicit in the students’ and educators’ images. The content was analysed under an inductive logic supported by the software NVivo9. The coding system covered the following dimensions: “perceptions about teaching as a profession”, “specific institutional perspectives”, “perspectives about curriculum”, “perspectives about training”, “perspectives about teacher educators”, “perspectives about student teachers”, and “perspectives about the role of research on training and professionalization of teaching”. Data analysis tells us about student teachers and teacher educators perceptions with respect to the training situation, and about the factors that may shape the teacher educators identities. In the results presentation and discussion perspectives about training, teacher educators and teacher students will be focused.

Expected Outcomes

The analysis of the “Training” dimension suggests greater appreciation of the fundamentals of the training by the educators and more concern with daily life by the students. “Educators” dimension is characterised by contradictory discourses, within both the students and the educators. However the positive aspects overcome the negative: a culture of proximity and availability to students; the “broad band” meaning given to training, highlighting a component of personal and social development; and an understanding of education from an ethical and political standpoint. In relation to the “Students” dimension, the main feature pointed out was the wide gap between the perceptions of the students and those of the educators. The rationality of the students’ discourse is clearly academic and strongly centred on assessment and classification, while that of the educators is highly ‘formative’, in the broad sense of the word, and social-critical. Although it has not been possible to associate the perceptions of teacher educators with their specific profile as educators, converging with other studies (Boyd, 2010; Boyd and Harris, 2010; Knight et al., 2006) it is possible to develop some relevant interpretative considerations on teacher educators’ identities in terms of their subject disciplines and academic titles.

References

Boyd, P. & Harris, K. (2010). Becoming a university lecturer in teacher education: expert school teachers reconstructing their pedagogy and identity. Professional Development in Education, 36(1-2), 9-24. Boyd, P. (2010). Academic induction for professional educators: supporting the workplace learning of newly appointed lecturers in teacher and nurse education. International Journal for Academic Development, 15(2), 155-165. Derouet, J.-L. (2010). Crise do projeto de democratização da educação e da formação ou crise de um modelo de democratização? Algumas reflexões a partir do caso francês (1980-2010). Educação e Sociedade, 31, 112, pp 1001-1027. Dubar, C. (2006). A crise das identidades: a interpretação de uma mutação. Porto: Edições Afrontamento. Dubet, F. (2002). Le déclin de l’institution. Paris: SEUIL. Hawkins, P. & Shohet, R. (2011). Supervision in the helping professions. Open University Press. Hewitt, J. P. (1991). Self and society: a symbolic interactionist social psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Hugman, R. (2005). New approaches in ethics for the caring professions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Knight, P., Tait, J. & Yorke, M. (2006) The professional learning of teachers in higher education, Studies in Higher Education, 31(3), 319–339. Korthagen, F. A. (2004). In search of the essence of a good teacher: towards a more holistic approach in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, 77-97. Korthagen, F. A. (2001). Linking Practice and Theory: The Pedagogy of Realistic Teacher Education. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lopes, A. & Pereira, F. (2012). Everyday life and everyday learning: the ways in which pre-service teacher education curriculum can encourage personal dimensions of teacher identity. European Journal of Teacher Education. 35(1), 17-38. Nóvoa, A. (2009). O passado e o presente dos professores. In A. Nóvoa (org.). Profissão Professor (pp. 13-34). Porto: Porto editora. Rogers, C. (1976). Tornar-se Pessoa. Porto: Moraes.

Author Information

Amélia Lopes (submitting)
Faculty od Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto
Educational Sciences
Porto
Fátima Pereira (presenting)
Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto
Porto
Faculty od Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal
Faculty od Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal

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